Translocation of 40 nm diameter nanowires through the intestinal epithelium of Daphnia magna
نویسندگان
چکیده
Nanowires (NWs) have unique electrical and optical properties of value for many applications including lighting, sensing, and energy harnessing. Consumer products containing NWs increase the risk of NWs being released in the environment, especially into aquatic ecosystems through sewage systems. Daphnia magna is a common, cosmopolitan freshwater organism sensitive to toxicity tests and represents a likely entry point for nanoparticles into food webs of aquatic ecosystems. Here we have evaluated the effect of NW diameter on the gut penetrance of NWs in Daphnia magna. The animals were exposed to NWs of two diameters (40 and 80 nm) and similar length (3.6 and 3.8 μm, respectively) suspended in water. In order to locate the NWs in Daphnia, the NWs were designed to comprise one inherently fluorescent segment of gallium indium phosphide (GaInP) flanked by a gallium phosphide (GaP) segment. Daphnia mortality was assessed directly after 24 h of exposure and 7 days after exposure. Translocation of NWs across the intestinal epithelium was investigated using confocal fluorescence microscopy directly after 24 h of exposure and was observed in 89% of Daphnia exposed to 40 nm NWs and in 11% of Daphnia exposed to 80 nm NWs. A high degree of fragmentation was observed for NWs of both diameters after ingestion by the Daphnia, although 40 nm NWs were fragmented to a greater extent, which could possibly facilitate translocation across the intestinal epithelium. Our results show that the feeding behavior of animals may enhance the ability of NWs to penetrate biological barriers and that penetrance is governed by the NW diameter.
منابع مشابه
Short communication-Survey of Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether (MTBE) toxicity using bioassay on Daphnia magna
متن کامل
Effects of n3-HUFA enriched Daphnia magna on growth, survival, stress resistance, and fatty acid composition of larvae of Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus)
Effects of Daphnia magna enriched with cod liver oil (CLO) as a source of highly unsaturated fatty acid (HUFA) on growth, survival, stress resistance, and fatty acid composition of the Persian sturgeon larvae were evaluated. Daphnia enriched for three different time periods (3, 6, and 9 hours) and non-enriched Daphnia were fed to the Persian sturgeon larvae (average weight 61.6±0.4mg) during 14...
متن کاملEffects of n3-HUFA enriched Daphnia magna on growth, survival, stress resistance, and fatty acid composition of larvae of Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus)
Effects of Daphnia magna enriched with cod liver oil (CLO) as a source of highly unsaturated fatty acid (HUFA) on growth, survival, stress resistance, and fatty acid composition of the Persian sturgeon larvae were evaluated. Daphnia enriched for three different time periods (3, 6, and 9 hours) and non-enriched Daphnia were fed to the Persian sturgeon larvae (average weight 61.6±0.4mg) during 14...
متن کاملToxicity of nanoZnO in Daphnia magna fed with ZnO containing Chlorella vulgaris and Scenedesmus dimorphus algae
Nano ZnO is currently used in the rubber, electronics, electrical appliances, enamel, cosmeticsand medical industry. Whereas most studies have used the ecological toxicity of nanoparticles, the toxic effects of nanoparticles in diet is not extensively explored. Because the algaeare at the base of the food chain, any change in their density, biomass and population, wouldaffect the food chain in ...
متن کاملGrowth and feeding performance of Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) alevin fed on diet contained fermented Daphnia magna with Bacillus probiotics
This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of different levels of fermented daphnia (Daphnia magna) as a partial protein source of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) alevins’ diet and its effect on growth; nutrition and feed efficiency for 8 weeks. Rainbow trout alevins with an initial body weight of 0.583 ± 0.197g (Mean ± SD) after acclimating to study condition were fed in 5 treatmen...
متن کامل